Corrosion is the gradual deterioration of metals as a result of chemical or electrochemical reactions with the surrounding environment. It most commonly occurs when metals come into contact with water, moisture, and oxygen.
How does corrosion happen?
The most common example is the rusting of iron. When iron reacts with oxygen and water, iron oxide (rust) is formed. This process weakens the metal’s structure and, over time, can completely destroy it.
Main types of corrosion:
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Chemical corrosion – occurs due to direct chemical reactions between the metal and substances in the environment.
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Electrochemical corrosion – occurs when the metal is in contact with an electrolyte (such as saltwater), creating a small electrical circuit.
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Galvanic corrosion – occurs when two different metals are in contact in the presence of moisture.
Factors that influence corrosion:
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Humidity
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High temperature
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Presence of salts (especially in coastal areas)
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Air pollution
How can it be prevented?
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Applying protective paint coatings
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Zinc coating (galvanization)
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Using corrosion-resistant metals such as stainless steel
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Keeping surfaces dry and clean
Corrosion has significant economic impact because it causes damage to bridges, cars, ships, and buildings, leading to high maintenance and repair costs.
