Donald Trump has faced a cautious response from allies after seeking support for “Operation Epic Fury,” a U.S.-led move targeting Iran. Many nations have hesitated or declined involvement.

Across Europe, key allies have signaled reluctance. The United Kingdom ruled out military participation, with Prime Minister Keir Starmer emphasizing avoidance of broader conflict while supporting diplomacy.

Italy also declined involvement, as Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani confirmed no plans for direct military action.

In Germany, Chancellor Friedrich Merz stated there was no agreement on intervention, while Defense Minister Boris Pistorius questioned the strategy.

Other European countries, including Netherlands, Lithuania, Estonia, and Greece, have expressed uncertainty or declined participation.

Outside Europe, Australia, South Korea, and Japan have also avoided committing forces, though some continue discussions with the U.S.

China has not taken a clear position, despite its interest in energy routes like the Strait of Hormuz. Meanwhile, Ukraine, led by Volodymyr Zelenskyy, has signaled willingness to assist.

The mixed reactions highlight global hesitation about escalation. As the U.S. moves forward, uncertainty remains over whether more allies will join or continue to hold back.